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Evaluation of the clover growing system on farms and suggestions for improvement
WEINER, Vlastimil
The bachelor thesis is aimed at describing the system of clover cultivation, which is important for agriculture in the form of improving soil fertility and as a low-cost source of feed. The thesis mainly describes the meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In the first part, the importance of clover cultivation, its characteristics, morphological description and the method of forage conservation are described. Furthermore, the sowing machines suitable for sowing clover and the soil preparation before planting are presented. In the second part, the work focuses on the meadow clover stands (Bonus and Garant varieties) managed by MIRABO a.s. in the Pilsen region. During the year, both the method and date of establishment of the stands and the agrotechnique chosen for the overgrowing stands were monitored. The density of plants per 1 m2, health and yield of individual stands were monitored. All stands were destined for forage harvesting and were subsequently ensiled in silage troughs and silage bags. Subsequently, measures to improve the meadow clover cropping system on this farm were suggested from the data.
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Vliv kvality kukuřičné siláže na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic
BRÁCHA, Daniel
With the ever-increasing demands on milk yield, it is necessary that the present feed is of the highest quality and contains the required nutrients. To fulfill these requirements, the bulk feeds produced, especially maize silage, must be healthy and of the highest quality. The bachelor thesis was divided into two parts. In the first, thus theoretical part, are generally discussed about the silage process and related terms, such as ensilability or silage. However, the majority part of it is devoted to technological silage processes. Following these processes means healthy and high-quality feed. These processes include mainly covering, compactining, filling silage pits and more. From a qualitative point of view, it is important to control the dry matter content, the length of the cut and the degree of grain crushing. Failure of following the recommended the optimal values may mean a degradation of the fermentation process or the occurrence of undesirable microorganisms in the final feed. In a result, the utility and reproductive properties are worsen. The health of the animals may also be worsen. Preservatives can be used to improve the fermentation process and keeping constant aerobic stability during feeding. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to nutrition and feeding techniques of dairy cows, specifically mixed feed ration (TMR), rumen fermentation and milk yield. The practical part was carried out on a dairy farm in Pernarec, which is part of the Úněšovského statku a.s., which agricultural in the northern part of Plzeň. Here were evaluated the annual milk yields and the factors that influence them. The majority part is devoted to the analysis of corn silage and the preparation of TMR. Next were evaluated the qualitative composition of silages and the precision of TMR preparation in relation to the economics of milk production. The possible effect of the weather on milk yield and quality of corn silages was also taken account. Monitored and evaluated were data in the years 2018 - 2021.
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Analýza kvalitativních ukazatelů silážovaných krmiv
NECHVÁTAL, Jaroslav
The aim of this thesis is to analyse chosen characteristics of silage quality. Total of 119 samples of grass silage and corn silage from the year 2018 were analysed. The quality of fermentation was analysed and silage was evaluated according to "Norma 2004", german evaluation system by Kaiser 2006 and slovakian system by Mitrík 2016. All the results were compared. 82 % of samples according to "Norma 2004", 88 % according to Kaiser and 83 % according to Mitrík were classified as the first class of fermentation. The influence of additives was also included in the evaluation of fermentation. The influence of bacterial and bacterial-enzymatic additives on the content of nutrients was observed. The results were compared with the average values of the silage of the year 2018.
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Porovnání kvality řezanky u samojízdných sklízecích řezaček
HEŘMÁNEK, Aleš
This final thesis is dealing with feed production technologies interms of different species of plants for the purpose of livestock production or energetics. The thesis analyzes one particular technology because of wide range of options on the market nowadays. The resource review chapter provides comprehensive information about history of forage harvesters and their use in crop production up to now. A significant part of that chapter describes an overview of latest technology. The thesis focuses on self-propelled machines and is complemented by a description of individual technical solutions. The metodology part contains measurement procedure and comparison criteria of particular John Deere 8300 and New Holland FR 500 machines. All the measured values had been gathered between 2019 and 2020. These values have provided the main source for acquiring further subject. The points of comparison were feed quality, grain crushing, efficiency and fuel consumption. The last criteria in that comparison are operational costs of particular forage harvesters.
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The influence of share of selected legumes and herbs on senzoric quality of conserved biomass
ŘÍHA, Patrik
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the quality of preserved biomass in dependence on the composition of samples by sensory evaluation of individual quality indicators of grass silage. The silage of selected types of clovers, herbs was evaluated and compared with a sample of silage from maize. The main indicators included color, fragrance, moldy and rotting, consistency and the last point was counted the amount of dry matter in silage. These indicators were monitored on 33 samples of silage coming from the Vysočina Region and the Třebíč District. After the end of the preservation the indicators were scored and the points were added up. After adding the points, the individual samples were evaluated as successful or unsuccessful. Furthermore, the work focuses on the distribution of fodder in terms of carbohydrates and nitrogen substances, factors affecting forage quality, preservation of forage by silage, its processing technology and last but not least, the use of preservatives and their importance. Botanical images of selected meadows were also taken and the coverage of the evaluated species of clover and herbs as well as agrobotanical groups was determined.
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Konzervace kukuřičné siláže
KOZÁK, Jonáš
Corn silage is the cornerstone of the feed base in cattle feed and the main source of energy for the production of biogas stations. On modern farms, therefore, maize (Zea mays) is one of the main crops involved in crop rotation. A large part of the company's economic results is based on the quality of the bulk feed produced. This means that during a relatively short period of harvesting and storage of feed for silaging, the economy of production is decided throughout the year. Therefore, it is the task of management to manage this process so that it produces the highest quality feed at the lowest possible cost. Despite the effects of climatic, economic, political, technological or other influences. Even the fact that silage has a long tradition, ů2unfortunately, in practice, it is often possible to encounter mistakes that lead to the production of low nutritional and even dangerous for the health of animals. Such silage has a negative impact on the entire economic development of the enterprise, and it is therefore the aim of this work to develop a literature search on this subject and to propose measures that will lead to an increase in the level of production not only of maize silage.
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Preservative for ensilage of excessively dry plants intended for biogas
Usťak, Sergej ; Jambor, Václav
The methodology objective is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, operators of agricultural biogas plants, workers in research and agricultural education as well as all other interested parties on agricultural biomass cropping and processing as a renewable source of raw materials and energy, the basic information about a new preservative for ensilage of excessively dry plants intended for biogas production. The publication reports on the development and testing of a new preservative for phytomass ensilage destined for biogas production, especially of excessively dry plants. Its use in practice can provide a cost-effective reduction of organic dry matter losses, increase silage quality and also increase the production of biogas.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Preservative for ensilage of excessively wet plants intended for biogas
Usťak, Sergej ; Muňoz, Jakub ; Jambor, Václav
The methodology objective is to provide to farmers, agricultural consultants, operators of agricultural biogas plants, workers in research and agricultural education as well as all other interested parties on agricultural biomass cropping and processing as a renewable source of raw materials and energy, the basic information about a new preservative for ensilage of excessively wet plants intended for biogas production. The publication reports on the development and testing of a new preservative for phytomass ensilage destined for biogas production, especially of excessively wet plants. Its use in practice can provide a cost-effective reduction of organic wet matter losses, increase silage quality and also increase the production of biogas.
Fulltext: PDF
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The influence of selection of maize hybrid on forage quality
Pařízková, Josefína ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The aim is to assess the impact of choosing hybrid for digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in forage maize in relation to other quality parameters. Recommendations on hybrids based on testing can be economically advantageous for growers. At the beginning of the experiment hypothesis was stated: Selection of maize hybrid for the habitat significantly affects reached digestibility neutral detergent fiber when harvested for silage. Nine different maize hybrids in triplicate were enrolled in the experiment (Dynamite, NK Octet, Rubben, DKC 3507, 3795 DKC, DKC 4014, Susann, 30,311 LG and LG 32.64) for cultivation on an experimental plot in Prague Uhříněves. The evaluated characteristics were, inter alia, revenue and portion of buds. To evaluate the chemical analysis of samples was collected chop of the whole plant from the middle rows of experimental plots. Following parameters were evaluated: content of crude protein, content of neutral detergent fiber, content of digestible neutral detergent fiber, digestible organic matter, starch and solids content. Among the hybrids significant differences were observed in parameters: revenue, portion of buds, protein content, content of neutral detergent, content of digestible neutral detergent fiber, digestible organic matter and starch content. Statistically insignificant difference between hybrids was at the percentage of the dry matter. Selecting the appropriate corn hybrid is therefore one of the most important measures for cultivation. The correct choice is key to improving the quality of forage for optimal production of livestock. Corn is one of the pillars of production of meat and milk. When choosing a suitable hybrid corn, it is necessary to take into account many factors. Each hybrid has certain characteristics and these must be respected, but also used for benefit. Not only to the price of seeds, but also the potential yield and utilization of nutrients is of great importance for the economy of the production.
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Konzervace pícnin silážováním
FRYŠOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of this thesis is the processing of literary studies on fodder silage preservation and further review of the factors that affect the quality and progress of fermentation. The initial part generally discusses the importance of silage and fodder conservation objectives. Furthermore, it is solved by the occurrence of single species of microorganisms, as desired, which include lactic acid bacteria and undesirable where include clostridia, fungi, yeast, and others. The numbers of the mentioned microorganism may be in varying degrees affect the use of additives. In the work is also described in detail the correct course of the fermentation process, which takes place in four basic phases. The first phase is aerobic phase, then the main fermentation phase and the subsequent phase stability and the feeding phase. One of the most important parts of the thesis is an independent silage technology. On each leg of technological progress should be taken into great consideration, because in that part of the Breeders perpetrated the biggest mistakes. Whether it is a correct estimate of the harvest at the correct dry matter, or cutting length and its subsequent ramming quality and coverage. In this thesis we were used publications and research Czech and foreign authors dealing with preservation of silage.
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